对于英语学习者来讲,动词是最难学的一个实词类别。纵览历届高考考试命题,有关动词的内容占的比率相当大,它常常与时态、语态、语境交际等诸方面揉合起来,进行综合测试。通过研悟高考考试考试试题,大家会发现常考的可圈可点的高考考试英语“主打”动词有以下一些。
1、表示“使/让……”定义的动词
这种动词容易见到的有:have,let,make,get,keep,drive,send,leave,force,cause等.它们后边分别可跟不定式,分词,形容词、介词短语,名词等作宾语补足语。
比如:I felt sorry to have kept you waiting for me so long.对不起,叫你久等了。
The victory sent our spirits rising.胜利使得大家情绪高涨。
2、不定式做宾补,不定式符号可以省略的动词
容易见到的有;see,watch,hear,observe,feel,notice,listen to,llook at等感官动词及表示使役定义的have,let,mak等。这种词在变为被动语态时,其后不定式符号 to常补出。
比如:We are made to work far into the night.大家被迫干活到深夜。注;在这种结构中,watch,have,let一般不变为被动语态。如: The boy was watched to come out。(误)
3、不定式作宾语补足语,其后内容省略而只保留不定式符号的动词此类动词容易见到的有;
refuse,want,intend,oblige,mean,expect,tell,hope,like,love,plan, try, prefer,wish等。比如:-----Why did you cause the baby cry?------Idid n't mean to.
4、引导宾语从句用虚拟预期的动词这种动词在引导宾语从句从句时常用:
should+动词原形,should可以省略,容易见到的有:order ,demend,suggest,insist,require,advise,decide,propose等。比如He orderd that we should do it at once.他需要大家立即完成这项工作。He adviced we should do more speaking practising inorder to improve ourEnglish.他建议大家要想提升英语水平应训练说。
5、形主动、意义被动的词容易见到的有:
work,open,close,write,cut,look,teach,operate,run,keep,burn,last等。此类词的主语常为物。而且还常与表示特点、情况、行为、方法的副词well,easily,long等连用。比如;The clothing sells well. This kind of fruit can keep long.
6、行为动词充当系动词的词
这种动词不可以单独构成动词词组,其后须带有表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语,不定式,V-ing,V-ed)构成系表结构,容易见到的有feel, sound, taste, look, smell, seem, appear, become, turn, grow, make, go, run, keep, stay, prove等。比如;It sounded like a train that was going under my house.听起来,象有火车在楼下飞驰而过。
Keep fit,study hard and wok well.身体好,学习好,工作好。
7、只接名词作宾语的词
此类动词容易见到的有: apprecate, adcice,suggest, compiete, finish,consider,enjoy,imagine,mind,miss,practise,keep, delay,risk,excuse,resist,avoid,escape,admit,forgive, permit,require,prevent,pardon,allow等。比如:I appreciate her devoting herself to the cause of education.我很钦佩她捐躯教育的精神。Do you mind my asking a question?我问你一个问题你不在意吧?
8、既可接目前分词又可接过去分词作宾补的动词
此类动词容易见到的有:get,keep,have,leave,find,see,notice,hear等。比如:The two cheats had the lighes burning all night long. Yesday XiaoMing had his hair cut,I hardly recognized him.
9、同一词汇用作及物动词与不及物动词
此类及物与不及物使用方法是不同的,容易见到的有;work,wait/wait for,lie/lay,raise/rise,sit/seat,serve等。比如:If you have any question to ask in class,you can raise your hands.课堂上有哪些问题可以举手发问。The sun rising,we started out.太阳升起来了,大家便开始上路。
10、构成固定短语的“短语动词”
此类动词在英语中数目较大。如;act as充当,beleve in相信,come across遇到,deal with处置,engage in从事,lead to致使,refer to提到,send for派人前往,cut in插嘴 die out灭绝,rise up起义, set off出发,warm up暖和起来,make fun of取笑,make friends with与……交朋友,set fire on点火,date back to追溯到,get along with 与……相处,look forward to期望,run out of用光,do away with废除.
We must look into the matter immediately.
大家需要立刻调查此事。
The old should learn form the young and keep up with.
老年人应向年轻人人学习,跟上年代进步的节奏